Abstract Background: Ultra-low-dose Spinal Anesthesia (SA) is the practice of employing minimal doses of intrathecal agents so that only the roots that supply a specific area are anesthetized. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultra-low-dose spinal anesthesia with that of Perineal Blocks (PB). Methods: A two-arm, parallel, double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing two anesthetic techniques (SA and PB) for hemorrhoidectomy and anal fistula surgery was performed. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain, complementation and/or conversion of anesthesia, and hemodynamic changes. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. The mean pain values were similar in the first 48 h in both groups (p > 0.05). The individuals allocated to the SA group did not need anesthetic complementation; however, those in the PB group required it considerably (SA group, 0% vs. PB group, 25%; p = 0.005). Hemodynamic changes were more pronounced after PB: during all surgical times, the PB group showed lower MAP values and higher HR values (p < 0.05). Postoperative urinary retention rates were similar between both groups (SA group 0% vs. PB group 3.1%, p = 0.354). Conclusion: SA and PB are similarly effective in pain control during the first 48 h after hemorrhoidec-tomy and anal fistula surgery. Although surgical time was shorter among patients in the PB group, the SA technique may be preferable as it avoids the need for additional anesthesia. Furthermore, the group that received perineal blocks was under sedation with a considerable dose of propofol.

Abstract Background The surgery with total mesorectal excision recommended by R. J. Heald in 1982 is the gold standard. Rectal cancer (RC) surgery has a morbidity rate ranging from 6 to 35%, and it can cause functional issues such as sexual, urinary, and bowel dysfunction in the long term. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been gaining ground in patients with lesions in the middle and lower rectum. The aim of the present study is to present the experience of a reference service in the treatment of RC. Patients and Methods A retrospective study involving 53 patients diagnosed with RC between January 2017 and December 2019 with follow-up until December 2020. We examined tumor location, disease stage, digital rectal exam findings, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), therapeutic modality offered, and follow-up time. Results A total of 32% of the patients were men and 68% were women, with a mean age of 60 years old. Location: upper rectum in 6 cases, middle rectum in 21 cases, and lower rectum in 26 cases with evolution from 9.8 to 13.5 months. The most frequent complaints were hematochezia and constipation. A total of 36 patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy: 11 complete clinical response (CCR) (30.5%), 20 (55.5%) partial clinical response (PCR), and no response in 5 patients (14%). The follow-up ranged from 12 to 48 months, with a mean of 30.5 months. A total of 25% of the patients had RC that went beyond the mesorectal fascia, and 22.64% had metastases in other parts of the body when they were diagnosed. Conclusion Neoadjuvant radio and chemotherapy present themselves as an alternative in the treatment of rectal cancer. In 36 patients, 30.5% had a complete clinical response, 55.5% had a partial clinical response, and 14% had no response. It was worth doing the “Watch and Wait” (W&W) to sample. A definitive colostomy was avoided. However, it is necessary to expand the study to a larger follow-up and more patients. Additionally, it is necessary to implement a multicenter study.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença de Crohn e retocolite ulcerativa são as principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), e sua patogênese está relacionada a fatores genéticos e ambientais. Atualmente, o diagnóstico de DII resulta em uma abordagem multidisciplinar e apresenta desvantagens significativas, como sua natureza invasiva, tempo gasto e o fato de 10% dos pacientes permanecerem sem classificação diagnóstica. No entanto, surgiram novas metodologias de análise que permitiram ampliar o conhecimento sobre a DII, como a metabolômica, o estudo dos metabólitos. A presença e a prevalência desses metabólitos podem ser úteis como biomarcadores no diagnóstico da DII. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as amostras fecais por análise metabolômica no diagnóstico de DII, diferenciando os perfis metabólicos entre doença de Crohn e retocolite ulcerativa. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com 36 indivíduos (doença de Crohn 11, retocolite ulcerativa 10 e 15 controles saudáveis), todos com consentimento esclarecido. Os extratos fecais de todos os pacientes são submetidos a uma espectroscopia de alta resolução por ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (1H-RMN) combinada com técnicas de reconhecimento de padrões multivariados e univariados. Por meio da metabolômica utilizando extratos fecais, foi possível obter uma caracterização adequada das doenças inflamatórias intestinais através de uma abordagem não invasiva. RESULTADOS: Foi possível identificar os seguintes metabólitos nos pacientes com doença de Crohn: lactato, succinato, alanina e tirosina e, no grupo retocolite ulcerativa encontrou-se leucina, alanina e tirosina. Todos os aminoácidos apresentaram covariância positiva para a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram diferentes perfis metabólicos entre pacientes com DII e voluntários saudáveis, com base na análise por 1H-RMN dos extratos fecais. Além disso, pacientes com doença de Crohn e retocolite ulcerativa também podem ser discriminados usando essa abordagem. A análise metabolômica é promissora como uma nova técnica não invasiva de diagnóstico para melhor reconhecimento das DII. Novos estudos são necessários para validar esses achados.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the primary inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and its pathogenesis is related to genetic and environmental factors. Currently, the diagnosis of IBD results in a multidisciplinary approach with significant disadvantages, such as its invasive nature, time spent, and the fact that 10% of patients remain without diagnostic classification. However, new methodologies of analysis have emerged that allowed the expansion of knowledge about IBD, as the metabolomics, the study of metabolites. The presence and prevalence of such metabolites may prove to be useful as biomarkers in the diagnosis of IBD. OBJECTIVE: Analyze fecal samples for metabolic analysis in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), providing differentiation between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS: This is an observational study with 21 patients diagnosed with IBD (ulcerative colitis 11 and Crohn’s disease 10) and 15 healthy controls, all with the consent and clarification. The fecal extracts of all patients are submitted to a high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hydrogen (1H-NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate and univariate pattern recognition techniques. Through the metabolomics of fecal extracts, gives us a characterization of employing a noninvasive approach. RESULTS: We identify some metabolites, such as lactate, succinate, alanine, and tyrosine, in the Crohn’s disease fecal samples, and leucine, alanine, and tyrosine in the ulcerative colitis fecal samples. All the amino acids presented positive covariance for disease correlation. CONCLUSION: The results showed different metabolic profiles between IBD patients and healthy volunteers based on 1H-NMR analysis of fecal extracts. Moreover, the approach discriminated patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The metabolomics analysis is promising as a novel diagnostic technique for further IBD recognition and surveillance. New studies are necessary to validate these findings.

OBJETIVO: analisar a prevalência da constipação intestinal em pacientes diabéticos atendidos no ambulatório de endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes e no PAM Salgadinho (HUPAA), de abril de 2013 a agosto 2013. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado através da aplicação de um questionário com os critérios de Roma III no ambulatório de endocrinologia do HUPAA. RESULTADO: em 372 pacientes, 271 feminino, 101 masculino, 162 de etnia branca, 55 negros e 155 pardos, 297 pacientes estavam acima de 50 anos, houve uma frequência de constipação de 31,2% nos pacientes diabéticos. O gênero feminino prevaleceu na amostra (73%) assim como no índice de frequência da constipação (80,2%). Em nossa amostra a diabetes Tipo II foi verificada em 360 pacientes (97%) e o tipo 1 em 12 pacientes (3%), observou-se que 80% da amostra apresentavam idade superior a 50 anos. Em 112 pacientes com controle glicêmico inadequado (HgA1c =7) havia uma associação com a constipação intestinal. CONCLUSÃO: encontramos maior frequência da constipação intestinal em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus, segundo os critérios de Roma III, em relação à população geral. Há uma associação entre o controle glicêmico inadequado nos pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus e a frequência da constipação, faz-se necessário a realização de outros estudos que possibilitem confirmar a associação dessa varíavel para comprovação desta hipótese.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of constipation in diabetic patients treated at the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes and PAM Salgadinho, from April to August 2013. METHODS: a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out through a questionnaire using the Rome III criteria in 372 patients treated at the outpatient endocrinology clinic. RESULTS: of 372 patients evaluated, the frequency of constipation found was 31.2% among diabetic patients. Females predominated in the sample (72.8%) as well as for the frequency of constipation (80.2%). The incidence of type II diabetes was 97.3% and it was observed that 80.2% of the sample was older than 50 years. One hundred and twelve patients with inadequate glycemic control (HgA1c = 7) had an association with constipation. CONCLUSION: there was an increased frequency of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the Rome III criteria, in relation to the general population. The inadequate glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus increases the frequency of constipation and it is necessary to perform studies that allow the confirmation of this association to demonstrate this hypothesis.

A neoplasia colorretal é uma das formas mais comuns de câncer nos países desenvolvidos e sua incidência tem crescido de maneira contínua. As tentativas de avaliação prognóstica usadas atualmente apresentam a grave limitação de se restringirem à observação da morfologia tumoral, como o estadiamento TNM. A quantificação do DNA livre no sangue periférico busca encontrar uma forma de relacioná-lo com o estado clínico dos portadores de câncer. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o prognóstico dos pacientes portadores do câncer colorretal por meio da quantificação de fragmentos de ALU247 no sangue periférico e do estadiamento TNM. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 79 pacientes nos Grupos Operados, Não Operados e Controle quanto à dosagem de fragmento de ALU247 e sua correlação com os estádios dos tumores. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de fragmentos ALU247 revelou resultados bastante distintos quando os diferentes grupos foram comparados. A média da quantificação nos Não Operados foi de 14,62 pg, de 0,48 pg no Grupo Controle e 0,93 pg no Grupo Operados. Os valores séricos do ALU247 encontraram-se mais elevados nas classes morfofuncionais mais avançadas do estadiamento TNM. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se uma relação entre o avanço do estádio TNM e a dosagem elevada do DNA livre no sangue periférico com pior prognóstico.

Colorectal neoplasm is one of the most common cancers in developed countries and its incidence has grown progressively. The currently used attempts to prognostic assessment are limited, since they are restricted to the observation of tumor morphology, such as the TNM staging. The quantification of free DNA in peripheral blood aims to find a way to relate it to the clinical status of patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer with the quantification of ALU247 fragments in peripheral blood and TNM staging. METHODS: We evaluated 79 patients in the following groups: Operated, and Non-Operated and Control as to the ALU247 fragment dosage and its correlation with tumor staging. RESULTS: The amount of ALU247 fragments revealed very different results when comparing the different groups. The mean quantity in the Non-Operated group was 14.62 pg, while the mean was 0.48 pg for the Control Group and 0.93 pg for the Operated Group. Serum levels of ALU247 were higher in more advanced morphofunctional classes of the TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest there is a relation between the advanced TNM stage and high doses of free DNA in peripheral blood with worse prognosis.

RACIONAL: O valor do preparo de cólon prévio nas operações colorretais continua discutível, visto que devido à tradição da rotina do preparo poucos estudos têm sido realizados para sustentação da operação segura sem o preparo mecânico. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há correlação entre as complicações pós-operatórias e a não utilização do preparo mecânico dos cólons nos pacientes operados. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo nos pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos coloproctológicos abdominal sem prévio preparo intestinal. Foram coletadas informações antropométricas e epidemiológicas, co-morbidades existentes nos pacientes, antibioticoprofilaxia utilizada, complicações infecciosas e deiscências. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta de 126 pacientes, 57 homens e 69 mulheres com média de idade de 54 anos (19 a 89). Entre os pacientes que apresentaram comorbidades (43 pacientes - 34,12%), 30 (23,80%) eram hipertensos. A antibioticoprofilaxia foi utilizada em 89,70% dos pacientes. Dentre eles, 14,28% apresentaram complicações, sendo oito (6,34%) com infecção de ferida operatória, seis (4,76%) com deiscência de anastomose e quatro (3,17%) fístulas. CONCLUSÃO: O preparo dos cólons não é fundamental na rotina pré-operatória.

BACKGROUND: The value of the preparation of the colon prior colorectal surgery remains debatable. Since installed as traditional the use of this routine, few studies have been conducted to support the safety of surgeries done without mechanical bowel preparation. AIM: To determine if there is a correlation between postoperative complications and no use of mechanical bowel preparation in operated patients. METHODS: Was conducted a prospective study in patients undergoing coloproctology abdominal surgery without prior bowel preparation. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 126 patients, 57 men and 69 women. The average age was 54 years (19 to 89). Among patients who had comorbidities (43 patients - 34,12%), 30 (23,80%) had arterial hypertension. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 89,70%. Among the patients, 14,28% had complications: eight (6,34%) wound infection, six (4,76%) anastomotic dehiscence and four (3,17%) fistula. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation is not essential in the routine of colorectal surgeries.

OBJETIVOS: Diagnosticar a presença do HPV anorretal em portadoras dessa afecção no trato genital inferior, através do exame coloproctológico com anuscopia de alta resolução. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional e transversal realizado através de um protocolo de pesquisa, no Hospital Universitário da UFAL de Fevereiro a Julho de 2008, analisando 57 mulheres com diagnóstico prévio de infecção genital por HPV submetendo-as a uma avaliação através da anuscopia de alta resolução. RESULTADOS: A idade média variou de 31,2 anos, seis pacientes eram gestantes, 59,6% cursaram apenas o 1º grau, 73,7% tinham união estável; A idade média de menarca foi 12,6 anos e a sexarca de 17 anos. Em relação ao número de parceiros sexuais, 33,3% tiveram 2 a 3 parceiros; 68,6% apresentaram lesão intraepitelial genital de baixo grau (LGSIL), CONCLUSÕES: 89,5% não apresentavam lesões e 10,5% apresentavam através da anuscopia de alta resolução(AAR) lesões sub-clínicas perianal, vulvar e vaginal. É possível e viável ao especialista incorporar o exame de anuscopia de alta resolução para diagnóstico de HPV ano-retal na forma subclínica à sua rotina, já que é de simples execução, barato e a doença acomete pacientes sem lesões visíveis ao exame proctológico.

AIM: To diagnose the presence of anorectal HPV in women with lower genital tract lesions, through rectal examination with High Resolution Anuscopy. METHODS: Observational, transversal study conducted by a research protocol in the Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes (HUPAA/UFAL) from February to July 2008, examining 57 women with a previous diagnosis of genital HPV infection by subjecting them to an assessment by High Resolution Anuscopy. RESULTS: The mean age ranged from 31.2 years, six patients were pregnant women, 59.6% had finished elementary school, 73.7% were in a stable union with a partner, the average age of menarche was 12.6 years and 17 years for the first intercourse. Regarding the number of sexual partners, 33.3% had 2 to 3 partners, 68.6% had low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), CONCLUSIONS: 89,5% had no lesions and 10,5% had subclinical perianal, vulvar and vaginal lesions. It is possible and feasible to the professionals incorporate the High Resolution Anuscopy for diagnosis of HPV in anorectal subclinical lesions to their routine, it is simple,inexpensive and mainly because the disease affects patients with no visible lesions to the anorectal examination.

A expressão de marcadores tumorais que se correlacionam com a agressividade dos cânceres vem sendo investigada com vigor. Tendo o câncer colorretal significativa incidência, biomarcadores que possam avaliá-lo quanto a esse aspecto, não são exceção nesta investigação. OBJETIVO: estabelecer a relação entre agressividade do câncer colorretal de acordo com os estadiamentos TNM e Astler-Coller e a expressão da Mucina1 (MUC1) em uma determinada amostra de tumores. METODOLOGIA: foram examinados 36 cânceres colorretais ressecados pelos coloproctologistas do Hospital Universitário da UFAL quanto à presença de uma reação imuno-histoquímica positiva para MUC1 em padrão citoplasmático. Em seguida, correlacionou-se esta com os estádios dos tumores. RESULTADOS: A imunoexpressão da MUC1 ocorreu em 50% dos casos. Destes, 61% estavam entre os estádios T3 e T4; 39% entre N1 e N2; todos os casos do estudo eram M0; e 40% encontravam-se entre os estádios C1 e C3 de Astler-Coller. Avaliada a positividade por cada estádio em separado, percebeu-se que estes aumentaram proporcionalmente, principalmente em relação aos estadios "N" e Astler-Coller. CONCLUSÃO: a ausência da reatividade imuno-histoquímica à MUC1 não excluiu a possibilidade de evolução para um estadio avançado. Porém, sua presença denota a evolução do câncer colorretal para estádios mais agressivos.

The expression of tumor markers that correlates with the aggressiveness of cancers has been strongly investigated. Having colorectal cancer a significant incidence, biomarkers that can evaluate it concerning this aspect are not an exception in this inquiry. AIM: To establish a relation between aggressiveness of colorectal cancer according to TNM and Astler-Coller staging systems and the expression of Mucin1 (MUC1) in a determined sample of tumors. METHODS: 36 colorectal cancers resected by proctologists of the University Hospital of UFAL were examined regarding the presence of positive immunohistochemical reaction for MUC1 in cytoplasmic patterns. After that, the positive cases and its stages were correlated. RESULTS: Immunoexpression of MUC1 occurred in 50% of the cases. Among these, 61% were between stages T3 and T4; 39% between N1 and N2; all cases of the study were M0; and 40% were classified between C1 and C3 in Astler-Coller system. When evaluated MUC1 positivity in each stage separately, a proportional increase of both was perceived, mainly in stages "N" and Astler-Coller. CONCLUSION: The absence of imunohistochemical reactivity to MUC1 did not exclude the possibility of evolution for an advanced staged tumor. However, its presence denotes evolution of colorectal cancer for more aggressive stages.